WEBVTT

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Hello and welcome to another epidose of

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Scripting for Artists. My name is Sybren.

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This episode is about Blender Collections.

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These were introduced in Blender 2.8

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and replaced the numbered Scene Layers and Groups.

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I'm not recording this as usual at the Blender Institute,

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but I'm home right now, as so many of you.

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As a result, the video will be less scripted

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and I won't have any slides to show.

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We'll just dive into Blender

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and I will show things there.

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So in the Outliner here, you can see that

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we have a Scene Collection

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with Suzanne in it, like one object,

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and it has that default collection,

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Collection One.

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So given that, this thing here is called

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the Scene Collection,

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let's look at the scene object

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and see if we can find a Collection property.

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Here we have Suzanne.

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As a reminder,

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here we have the Convenience Variables.

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So capital C stand for "bpy.context"

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and capital D stands for :bpy.data".

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You can't use these in your own script,

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but you can use them here in the console

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while you're figuring things out.

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Let's take a look at

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"C.scene.collection"

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then press Tab,

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and you can see,

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it already has a Collection property.

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We can get its name, is called Master Collection

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because

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 it's the main scene collection.

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And it has a

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property called Objects.

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If you convert that to a List,

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just arrow up and then type List

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with parentheses around the line,

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and there you can see that one object,

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Suzanne, that was here.

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"collection.objects" gives you all the objects

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that are directly linked into that Collection.

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So, let's see what happens

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when we move Suzanne into Collection One.

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It's still indirectly inside the Scene Collection

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because it's inside Collection One,

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and Collection one is inside the Scene Collection,

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but it's no longer in the "scene collection.object".

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If you want to have really everything,

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then look at "all_objects".

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This is like a magical view

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that will give you everything in the Collection itself.

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So it contains everything that Object also contains,

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but then it also contains everything that

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is inside collections in the collection

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and the collection in the collection and....

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And as you can see, we have Suzanne.

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So as many things in Blender collections

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have to have a unique name,

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because they are stored in data.

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So we have "bpy.data" or in the console

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"D.collections",

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and this gives us the Collection One.

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It does not contain the Scene Master Collection,

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but it contains all the other collections.

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So here we also can get

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"D.collections("Collection 1").objects"

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and

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convert it to a list to see what's in there.

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And again, of course there is Suzanne in there.

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So this already gives you a way to,

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given the name of a collection,

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iterate over all the objects in that Collection.

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So maybe you want to write an exporter

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that exports

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everything in one particular collection,

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now you know how to access it.

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And I'm saying iterate over the objects,

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let's just take a look at how that would happen

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just to refresh your memory.

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Let's say we have a nice little

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Bohemian Rhapsody going on here

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with four Suzanne in that one Collection.

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If we say

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"list collection.objects",

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then we get all four of them.

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Let's see how it would look like

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in a little more complex code.

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You would basically say

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"coll=D.collections("collection 1")

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and then I can say

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"for ob in coll.objects:

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print("OB name is:(ob.name)")

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And this is a format string, it's really useful.

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 You can just type an F before the opening quotes,

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and then within curly braces,

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you can write any expression like "ob.name".

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And what you can see here,

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it lists all the names of all the object.

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So it loops with the Forloop

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that loops over all the objects in the collection,

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and then does something with it.

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This could be calling an exporter,

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or this could be setting a marterial,

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or it could be changing the name,

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or whatever you want to do of course.

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In our case, it just prints the name.

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So let's take a look at creating a collection from Python.

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This is also done through the "data.collections" collection.

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So

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"D.collections",

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let's take a look, what do we have, a new function.

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So let's type

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"D.collections.new" tab,

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and you can see that you can type "name",

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and now we have a new collection called "demo".

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You want to use this collection

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as it's given to you, because,

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of course, this is now available at the

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"bpy.data.collections("demo")".

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This happens to the best of us.

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Everybody makes typos. Don't worry about it.

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Given the name "demo",

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we can get the Collection agian.

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And this is a big big pitfall that

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you could fall into, because you may think that

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that Collection you just created

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with an m demo

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will have the m demo.

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Let's take a look at what happens

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when we do it again.

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Exactly the same function call,

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just telling Blender to make me

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a new collection called Demo.

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But this time, we already have a collection

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called Demo. And as I said,

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collections have to have a unique name.

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So what happens is that, it calls a "demo.001",

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actually use from Blender.

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But now the name we asked Blender

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to give the collection is not the same

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as the name the collection was given.

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So if you now access

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"bpy.data.collection("demo")",

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you will see that you get "demo", of course

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and not "demo.001".

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So what I would say is,

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when you create a new collection,

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always assign it to a name

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like this.

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And then you're sure that

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you have the right collection.

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Afterwards you can change the name,

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like "collections.name="sfa""

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and it will have the new name.

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One thing you may notice in the Outliner

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up here,

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is that,

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the name isn't there,

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like the collection is not there yet.

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So it exists in the Blend file,

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it exists in memory,

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but it's not linked to the

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Scene Master Collection yet.

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So how do we do that?

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You go to the Master Collection,

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and then "dot and tab" to just get

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a list of everything in there.

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One thing you'll notice is this property

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called Children.

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That contains all the Child collection.

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That's all the collections

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that are linked into this collection.

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So, let's take a look there.

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There you find a function called Link.

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At this collection as a child of this collection,

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it's a bit cryptic, two times this collection

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referring to different things,

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but I think you get the gist.

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We had our collection in the name Collection.

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So keep your eyes on the Outliner

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while I press enter. There we go.

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And now it is part of the Scene Collection.

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Linking objects into this new collection

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is pretty much the same thing

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as linking other collections into it.

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Instead of using ".children.link",

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you used ".object.link".

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So let's take a look. We have our collection.

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It has

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an empty set of objects.

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Nothing is in there.

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And we can use ".object.Link"

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to link an object to it.

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And like that,

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we can add Suzanne.003 to it.

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Let's put this into a bit more of a script.

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So I'm going to subdivide here,

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change to Text Editor,

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creat your script, call it

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"move stuff.py",

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always start with "bpy".

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Now let's say we want to move

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everything that is inside one collection

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and move it into another.

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So we have to have a

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"coll_from=bpy.data.collections("collection 1")"

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and we have something similar,

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"coll_to=bpy.data.collections("SFA")".

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So now we have our two collections,

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let's loop over 1 and then add all the objects

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that we find into the other.

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So "for ob in coll_from.object:

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coll_to.objects.Link(ob)",

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and this will already

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link all the objects from one collection

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into the other.

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What's left to move, is to unlink

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from the other collection.

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So we need to unlink from "coll from".

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but that also means removing that object

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from "coll_from.objects".

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So that means that by unlinking,

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we're changing that thing

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that we're looping over currently.

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This is not a good idea.

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You shouldn't do this.

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At best it will be unpredictable.

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At worst it will crash Blender,

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and you will lose your data.

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The most simple solution for this,

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there's many of them, but the simplest

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is to keep track of the objects

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that you want to unlink.

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So let's say to unlink is an empty list.

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And in this list, we will keep track

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of whatever we want to unlink later.

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So we can say,

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"to unlink.append(ob)"

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And once this Forloop is done,

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we can

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unloop over this and unlink everything.

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So "for ob in to unlink",

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"coll_from.objects.unlink(ob)",

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and this will work.

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Let's give it a try.

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My script field, of course,

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let's take a look at the console.

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If we look at the terminal

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from which I started Blender,

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you can see that it gives me a runtime error,

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Objects Suzanne .003

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already in collection SFA.

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Fair enough.

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It doesn't like us linking an object

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that is already in there.

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There's basically two ways

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to avoid your script breaking

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because of an error like this.

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One is to avoid the error to begin with,

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the other is to handle the error when it occurs.

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I think in this case,

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it's easiest to just catch the error and make sure

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our script keeps running when that happens.

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The error says that line #8 is the problem.

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So let's take a look at line #8.

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So line 8 is this line in the code.

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It's delinking itself,

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of course, that goes wrong.

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You can tell Python to

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give this line a try and see what happens.

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Literally you say try,

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and then a colon, and like the "Forloop",

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and the "If",and the other things we've seen,

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and in a column,

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you have to indent the rest.

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That indicate what it needs to try.

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And then when we look at the terminal,

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we saw the

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runtime error

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that is right over here.

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That is the type of the exception.

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I won't go into detail as to what it all means.

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Just know that

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you have to type it here.

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So that Python knows that,

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if an exception occurs in this try block,

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of this type,

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then execute this code over here.

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And in our case, this is fine.

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This happens

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when the object is already in the collection,

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which means that we're happy

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because we wanted to link it there, it already is there,

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so it is all fine, so we can let this pass,

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which literally means just type "pass" there.

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This tells Python,

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don't do anything here, ignore the error,

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nothing happened, really.

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The next line is,

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of course, still important.

00:13:31.560 --> 00:13:33.440
Because we still want to handle this

00:13:33.440 --> 00:13:34.800
althuogh the object moved.

00:13:35.560 --> 00:13:37.120
The linking went bad because it was already there.

00:13:37.120 --> 00:13:38.920
It still needs to be unlinked

00:13:38.920 --> 00:13:40.680
from the original collection,

00:13:40.680 --> 00:13:42.120
so we can just keep going.

00:13:42.440 --> 00:13:44.120
And this should fix our code.

00:13:46.440 --> 00:13:47.320
Let's give it a try.

00:13:49.120 --> 00:13:50.200
And there we have it,

00:13:50.800 --> 00:13:52.040
all the objects have been

00:13:52.200 --> 00:13:53.440
moved into SFA,

00:13:53.920 --> 00:13:55.560
have been taken away from Collection.

00:13:57.560 --> 00:13:59.320
And of course, we can do the opposite.

00:13:59.320 --> 00:14:00.440
We can say,

00:14:03.680 --> 00:14:05.320
flip the names around, run the script again.

00:14:06.440 --> 00:14:07.200
And they're back again

00:14:07.680 --> 00:14:09.320
where they started.

00:14:10.120 --> 00:14:12.800
So this is how you can move objects

00:14:12.800 --> 00:14:13.440
between Collections.

00:14:15.040 --> 00:14:17.440
One final thing we could do,

00:14:17.920 --> 00:14:20.000
which maybe is a little bit useless,

00:14:20.000 --> 00:14:20.800
Bbt just to give a demo.

00:14:22.040 --> 00:14:24.000
We can also remove the collection

00:14:24.000 --> 00:14:26.040
that we moved everything from.

00:14:26.040 --> 00:14:27.680
That would be

00:14:28.320 --> 00:14:29.800
"bpy.data.collections.remove(coll_from)",

00:14:38.560 --> 00:14:41.680
let's flip them around again.

00:14:41.680 --> 00:14:43.120
We moved all the objects from collection 1 to SFA.

00:14:44.120 --> 00:14:46.120
And then once that is done, we remove the Collection.

00:14:48.120 --> 00:14:49.040
And there we go.

00:14:49.200 --> 00:14:51.000
Now Collection 1 is gone.

00:14:51.920 --> 00:14:53.200
All the objects have been moved again.

00:14:53.800 --> 00:14:55.120
And that's how you work with collections

00:14:55.120 --> 00:14:55.920
from Python.

00:14:56.320 --> 00:14:58.000
To end this episode,

00:14:58.320 --> 00:15:00.560
let's take another look at the Outliner.

00:15:02.000 --> 00:15:04.000
There are a few toggles you can set,

00:15:04.000 --> 00:15:06.000
like the Restriction toggles.

00:15:06.000 --> 00:15:08.800
Let's take a look. If I want to change

00:15:09.560 --> 00:15:11.920
the viewport rendering of this collection,

00:15:12.320 --> 00:15:14.440
you can see in the Points and Tooltip

00:15:14.440 --> 00:15:16.320
which you can enable in the User Preferences,

00:15:16.320 --> 00:15:17.120
can see that

00:15:18.000 --> 00:15:20.560
"bpy.data.collection.SFA.hide viewport"

00:15:20.560 --> 00:15:22.800
is that thing to go to.

00:15:23.320 --> 00:15:25.120
Let's take a look there.

00:15:25.120 --> 00:15:25.680
We take "bpy.data.collections(SFA).hide)",

00:15:30.440 --> 00:15:32.800
there we already have,

00:15:32.800 --> 00:15:34.120
Hide Render, Hide Select, Hide Viewport.

00:15:37.680 --> 00:15:39.320
And you can just set them to "True",

00:15:40.800 --> 00:15:41.800
back to "False",

00:15:42.560 --> 00:15:44.000
and you can play around with this.

00:15:46.440 --> 00:15:48.200
And it pretty much does what you would expect

00:15:48.200 --> 00:15:50.040
from clicking on the icons.

00:15:50.920 --> 00:15:52.680
So that's it.

00:15:52.680 --> 00:15:54.120
If you have any questions, leave comments.

00:15:54.560 --> 00:15:56.000
I'll see you in the next episode.