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The Extrude tool is one of the fundamental tools for modeling.

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But what is the Extrude tool? Well, allow me to simply show you.

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If you select a face and click the Extrude tool in the Quick Tools menu, you'll see this yellow gizmo.

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This is a normal axis manipulator. But what does that mean?

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Well, it certainly doesn't look normal, and that's because normals are a type of vector related to faces.

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Simply put, the normal is the vector that sticks out perpendicular to the surface of a face.

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If we go ahead and left-click drag this manipulator, you'll notice that it duplicates the face and moves it along the normal axis.

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But it also creates new edges and faces between the original face you had selected and the new duplicate face to maintain a connection.

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This is extruding. You can also left-click drag anywhere else in the viewport instead to move the extrusion along your viewing plane.

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You can do this for all types of selections, including multiple faces, vertices, and edges.

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However, if you select multiple faces that point in different directions, you'll notice that your manipulator is pointing at sort of an average value of where all your selected faces are facing.

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Keep this in mind as we'll come back to it later.

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It's important to note that if you right-click while dragging the manipulator, you can cancel the extrude, but it will not remove the duplicate faces.

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This is intentional as it allows you to create new geometry at the same location as the originally selected geometry.

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This can be very helpful when wanting to scale or rotate your extruded mesh.

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For example, what if we wanted to create a stack of connected cubes?

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You could simply extrude, right-click cancel, and press S to scale your extrusion down.

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This will then let you extrude again and confirm to create the new smaller box.

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This was made super easy by the fact that the extrusion cancel brings the extruded geometry down back to the original cube surface.

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However, if you do this on accident and you want to remove the extrusion, just make sure you press Ctrl Z to undo it properly.

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For hotkey users, simply press E as in extrude to begin moving the extruded selection along its normal vector.

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Right-click will do the same thing I mentioned before, and left-click will confirm your extrusion.

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But the extrude tool has a few more tricks up its sleeve.

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If you click and drag the extrude tool icon in the Quick Tools menu, it will open up a sub-menu with more extrude options.

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The first option is our default option, so we'll skip that.

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But our next option is called Extrude Along Normals.

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This is what you might prefer to use if you select multiple faces that point in different directions.

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This will allow you to sort of push the geometry outwards along each individual face's normals, but still keep the faces connected to each other after extrusion.

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This is great for adding a layer of thickness to your mesh, for example.

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The next extrude subtool is the Extrude Individual tool.

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This is extremely helpful for making certain faces extend out independently from its neighbors.

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For example, you could use this to create spikes or stylized bumps on a surface.

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Quick tip, this tool works best when faces are selected, not floating vertices or edges.

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The final extrude tool is very powerful and easy to use.

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It's called the Extrude to Cursor tool and allows you to extrude your selection and extend it to the location of wherever you left-click in the viewport.

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This will still be a longer viewing plane, but allows you to work very roughly and quickly when you need to.

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For hotkey users, if you're in edit mode, you can actually access the Extrude to Cursor tool at any time by simply holding Ctrl and right-clicking.

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Now that we've learned about the Extrude tool, I'm going to go ahead and show you how to make that chair I made earlier.

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This is what we want to make, and here's how we do it with the Extrude tool.

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Simply select your cube, go into edit mode, and scale the cube down along the Z-axis.

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We will then use the Loop Cut tool, which will be covered in its own video, to make some additional cuts on our cube.

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To use the Loop Cut tool, simply select it on the Quick Tools menu and left-click drag to create a tic-tac-toe pattern, like so.

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This will then allow us to use our Extrude tool.

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Using Face Select mode, select the faces you would want to use to form the back of the chair as well as the legs of the chair.

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You can then go to the Extrude tool and select the sub-tool Extrude Along Normals.

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Then simply left-click drag to bring out both the chair back and the chair legs at the same time.

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Ta-da! You've officially modeled something in Blender.